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Selected and key publications about the BG system are subdivided into 4 categories, whereas General Publications are giving details about the BG system itself. A broad overview about BG applications in the biomedical field can be found under Reviews. Below the categories Infectious Diseases and Tumors you will find detailed study results.

General

Langemann, T., Koller, V.J., Muhammad, A., Kudela, P. , Mayr, U.B., Lubitz, W.: The bacterial ghost platform system: Production and applications. Bioengineered Bugs, 1(5):326-336, 2010.
Paukner S., T. Stiedl, P. Kudela, J. Bizik, F. Al Laham, W. Lubitz. 2006. Bacterial ghosts as a novel advanced targeting system for drug and DNA delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 3:11-22.
Haidinger, W., U.B. Mayr, M. Szostak, S. Resch, W. Lubitz. 2003. Escherichia coli ghost production by expression of lysis gene E and staphylococcal nuclease. Appl. Environment. Microbiol. 69:6106-6113.
Jechlinger, W., Haidinger, W., Paukner, S., Mayrhofer, P., Riedman, E., Marchart, J., Mayr, U., Haller, C., Kohl, G., Walcher, P., Kudela, P., Bizik, J., Felnerova, D., Denner, E.M.B., Indra, A., Haslberger, A., Szostak, M., Resch, S., Eko, F., Schukovskaya, T., Kutyrev, V., Hensel, A., Friederisch, S., Schlapp, T., Lubitz, W.: Bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems for antigen delivery. In: Vaccine Delivery Strategies, Dietrich G. and Goebel W., eds. Horizon Scientific Press, Wymondham, Norfolk, UK, pp. 163-184, 2002.
Jechlinger, W., M. Szostak, A. Witte, W. Lubitz. 1999. Altered temperature induction sensitivity of the lambda PR/cI857 system for controlled gene E-expression in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 173: 347-352.
Jechlinger, W., M. Szostak, W. Lubitz. 1998. Cold-sensitive E-lysis systems. Gene 218:1-7.
Witte, A., G. Wanner, W. Lubitz, J.-V. Höltje. 1998. Effect of PhiX174 protein E-mediated lysis on murein composition of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 164: 149-157.
Witte, A., G. Wanner, U. Bläsi, G. Halfmann, M.P. Szostak, W. Lubitz. 1990. Endogenous transmembrane tunnel formation mediated by PhiX174 lysis protein E. J. Bacteriol. 172:4109-4114.

Reviews

Muhammad, A., Champeimont, J., Mayr, U.B., Lubitz, W., Kudela, P. Bacterial ghosts as carriers of protein subunit and DNA-encoded antigens for vaccine applications. Expert Rev Vaccines, 11(1):97-116, 2012.
Kudela, P., Koller, V.J., Lubitz, W.: Bacterial Ghosts (BGs) – Advanced Antigen and Drug Delivery System. Vaccine, 28(36):5760-5767, 2010.
Mayr, U. B., V. J. Koller, P. Lubitz and W. Lubitz, Bacterial ghosts as vaccine and drug delivery platforms, in Patho-Biotechnology, R. Sleator and C. Hill, Editors. 2009, Landes Bioscience: Austin, Texas, USA. p. 50-59.
Lubitz P., U.B. Mayr, W. Lubitz. 2009. Applications of bacterial ghosts in biomedicine. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 655:159-70.
Riedmann, E., J.M. Kyd, A. W. Cripps, W. Lubitz. 2007. Bacterial ghosts as adjuvant particles. Expert Rev. Vaccines 6: 241-253.
Mayr, U.B., P. Walcher, C. Azimpour, E. Riedmann, C. Haller, W. Lubitz. 2005. Bacterial ghosts as delivery vehicles for vaccination against target antigens. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev, 57:1381-1391.
Walcher, P., U.B. Mayr, C. Azimpour-Tabrizi, F.O. Eko, W. Jechlinger, P. Mayrhofer, T. Alefantis, C.V. Mujer, V. DelVecchio, W. Lubitz. 2004. Antigen discovery and delivery of subunit vaccines by nonliving bacterial ghost vectors. Exp. Rev. Vaccines 3:681-691.
Felnerova, D., Kudela, P., Bizik, J., Haslberger, A., Hensel, A., Saalmuller, A., Lubitz, W.: T cell-specific immune response induced by bacterial ghosts. Med Sci Monit, 10(10):362-370, 2004.
Azimpour Tabrizi, C., P. Walcher, U.B. Mayr, T. Stiedl, M. Binder, J. McGrath, W. Lubitz.2004. Bacterial Ghosts – Biological particles as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids and drugs. Current Opinion Biotech 15:530-537.
Lubitz, W. 2001. Bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 1:765-771.
Eko, F.O., A. Witte, V. Huter, B. Kuen, S. Fürst-Ladani, A. Haslberger, A. Katinger, A. Hensel. M.P. Szostak, S. Resch, H. Mader, P. Raza, E. Brand, J. Marchart, W. Jechlinger, W. Haidinger, W. Lubitz. 1999. New strategies for combination vaccines based on the extended recombinant bacterial ghost system. Vaccine 17: 1643-1649.

Infectious Diseases

Vilte DA, Larzábal M, Mayr UB, Garbaccio S, Gammella M, Rabinovitz BC, Delgado F, Meikle V, Cantet RJ, Lubitz P, Lubitz W, Cataldi A, Mercado EC. A systemic vaccine based on Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial ghosts (BGs) reduces the excretion of E. coli O157:H7 in calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2012 Mar 10
Muhammad, A., Champeimont, J., Mayr, U.B., Lubitz, W., Kudela, P. Bacterial ghosts as carriers of protein subunit and DNA-encoded antigens for vaccine applications. Expert Rev Vaccines, 11(1):97-116, 2012.
Mayr, U.B., Kudela, P., Atrasheuskaya, A., Bukin, E., Ignatyev, G., Lubitz, W. Rectal single dose immunization of mice with Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial ghosts induces efficient humoral and cellular immune responses and protects against the lethal heterologous challenge. Microb Biotechnol, 5(2):283-294, 2012.
Guan L., W. Mu, J. Champeimont, Q. Wang, H. Wu, j. Xiao, W. Lubitz, Y. Zhang, Q. Liu. 2011. Iron-regulated lysis of recombinant Escherichia coli in host to release protective antigen and confer biological containment. Infect Immun 79:2608-2618
Riedmann E.M., W. Lubitz, J. McGrath, J.M. Kyd, A.W. Cripps. 2011. Effectiveness of engineering the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae antigen Omp26 as an S-layer fusion in bacterial ghosts as a mucosal vaccine delivery. Human Vaccines 7: Supplement, 99-107
Cui X., J.A. Duckworth, P. Lubitz, F.C. Molinia, C. Haller, W. Lubitz, P.E. Cowan. 2010. Humoral immune responses in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) induced by bacterial ghosts expressing possum zona pellucida 3 protein. Vaccine 28:4268-4274
Kudela, P., Koller, V.J., Mayr, U.B., Nepp, J., Lubitz, W., Barisani-Asenbauer, T. Bacterial Ghosts as antigen and drug delivery system for ocular surface diseases: Effective internalization of Bacterial Ghosts by human conjunctival epithelial cells. J Biotechnol, 153(3-4):167–175, 2011.
Abtin, A., Kudela, P., Mayr, U.B., Koller, V.J., Mildner, M., Tschachler, E., Lubitz, W.: Escherichia coli ghosts promote innate immune responses in human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 400(1):78-82, 2010.
Mayr, U. B., V. J. Koller, P. Lubitz and W. Lubitz, Bacterial ghosts as vaccine and drug delivery platforms, in Patho-Biotechnology, R. Sleator and C. Hill, Editors. 2009, Landes Bioscience: Austin, Texas, USA. p. 50-59.
Lubitz P., U.B. Mayr, W. Lubitz. 2009. Applications of bacterial ghosts in biomedicine. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 655:159-70.
Sadeghizadeh, M., Ranjbar, B., Damaghi, M., Khaki, L., Sarbolouki, M.N., Najafi, F., Parsaee, S., Ziaee, A., Massumi, M., Lubitz, W., Kudela, P., Paukner, S., Karami, A.: Dendrosomes as novel gene porters-III. J Chem Technol Biot, 83(6):912-920, 2008.
Eko F.O., T. Barisani-Asenbauer , W Lubitz. 2008. Development of a Chlamydia trachomatis bacterial ghost vaccine to fight human blindness. Hum Vaccin. 4(3):173 - 252
Riedmann, E., J.M. Kyd, A. W. Cripps, W. Lubitz. 2007. Bacterial ghosts as adjuvant particles. Expert Rev. Vaccines 6: 241-253.
Ifere, G.O., Q.He, J.U Igietseme., G.A. Ananaba, D. Lyn, W. Lubitz, K.L. Kellar, C.M. Black, F.O.Eko. 2007. Immunogenicity and protection against genital Chlamydia infection and its complications by a multisubunit candidate vaccine. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 40(3):188-200
Paukner S., T. Stiedl, P. Kudela, J. Bizik, F. Al Laham, W. Lubitz. 2006. Bacterial ghosts as a novel advanced targeting system for drug and DNA delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 3:11-22.
Mayr, U.B., C. Haller, W. Haidinger, A. Atrasheuskaya, E. Bukin, W. Lubitz, G. Ignatiev. 2005.Bacterial Ghosts as an Oral Vaccine: a Single Dose of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacterial Ghosts Protects Mice against Lethal Challenge. Inf. Immun. 73:4810-4817.
Mayr, U.B., P. Walcher, C. Azimpour, E. Riedmann, C. Haller, W. Lubitz. 2005. Bacterial ghosts as delivery vehicles for vaccination against target antigens. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev, 57:1381-1391.
Paukner, S., P. Kudela, G. Kohl, T. Schlapp, S. Friedrichs, W. Lubitz. 2005. DNA-loaded bacterial ghosts efficiently mediate reporter gene transfer and expression in macrophages. Molecular Therapy, 11:215-223.
Mayrhofer, P., C. Azimpour Tabrizi, P. Walcher, W. Haidinger, W. Jechlinger, W. Lubitz. 2005. Immobilization of plasmid DNA in bacterial ghosts. J. Controlled Release 102:725-735.
Jechlinger, W., Azimpour Tabrizi, C., Lubitz, W., Mayrhofer, P. 2004. Mini-circle DNA immobilized in bacterial ghosts: in vivo production of safe non-viral DNA delivery vehicles. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 8:222-231.
Walcher, P., U.B. Mayr, C. Azimpour-Tabrizi, F.O. Eko, W. Jechlinger, P. Mayrhofer, T. Alefantis, C.V. Mujer, V. DelVecchio, W. Lubitz. 2004. Antigen discovery and delivery of subunit vaccines by nonliving bacterial ghost vectors. Exp. Rev. Vaccines 3:681-691.
Eko, F. O., Q. He, T. Brown, L. Mcmillan, G.O. Ifere, G.A. Ananaba, D. Lyn, W. Lubitz, K.L. Kellar, C.M. Black, J.U. Igietseme. 2004. A novel recombinant multi-subunit vaccine against Chlamydia. J Immunol., 173:3375-3382.
Azimpour Tabrizi, C., P. Walcher, U.B. Mayr, T. Stiedl, M. Binder, J. McGrath, W. Lubitz.2004. Bacterial Ghosts – Biological particles as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids and drugs. Current Opinion Biotech 15:530-537.
Ebensen, T., S. Paukner, C. Link, P. Kudela, C. de Domenico, W. Lubitz, C.A. Guzmán. 2004. Bacterial ghosts are an efficient delivery system for DNA vaccines. J. Immunol. 172:6858-6865.
Eko, F.O., W. Lubitz, L. Mcmillan, K. Ramey, T.T. Moore, G.A. Ananaba, D. Lyn, C.M. Black, J.U. Igietseme. 2003. Recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghosts as a delivery vehicle for vaccinating against Chlamydia trachomatis. Vaccine 21:1694-1703.
Panthel, K., W. Jechlinger, A. Matis, M. Rohde, M. Szostak, W. Lubitz, R. Haas. 2003. Generation of Helicobacter pylori Ghosts by PhiX Protein E-Mediated Inactivation and Their Evaluation as Vaccine Candidates. Infect. Immunity 71:109-116.
Jalava, K., A. Hensel, M. Szostak, S. Resch, W. Lubitz. 2002. Bacterial ghosts as vaccine candidates for veterinary applications. J. Control. Release 85:17-25.
Jechlinger, W., Haidinger, W., Paukner, S., Mayrhofer, P., Riedman, E., Marchart, J., Mayr, U., Haller, C., Kohl, G., Walcher, P., Kudela, P., Bizik, J., Felnerova, D., Denner, E.M.B., Indra, A., Haslberger, A., Szostak, M., Resch, S., Eko, F., Schukovskaya, T., Kutyrev, V., Hensel, A., Friederisch, S., Schlapp, T., Lubitz, W.: Bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems for antigen delivery. In: Vaccine Delivery Strategies, Dietrich G. and Goebel W., eds. Horizon Scientific Press, Wymondham, Norfolk, UK, pp. 163-184, 2002.
Lubitz, W. 2001. Bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 1:765-771.
Eko, F.O., A. Witte, V. Huter, B. Kuen, S. Fürst-Ladani, A. Haslberger, A. Katinger, A. Hensel. M.P. Szostak, S. Resch, H. Mader, P. Raza, E. Brand, J. Marchart, W. Jechlinger, W. Haidinger, W. Lubitz. 1999. New strategies for combination vaccines based on the extended recombinant bacterial ghost system. Vaccine 17: 1643-1649.
Mader, H.J., M.P. Szostak, A. Hensel, W. Lubitz, A.G. Haslberger. 1997. Endotoxicity does not limit the use of bacterial ghosts as candidate vaccine. Vaccine 15:195-202.

Tumors

Kudela, P., Sun, Z., Fourcade, J., Janjic, B., Kirkwood, J.M., Maillere, B., Zarour, H.M.: Epitope hierarchy of spontaneous CD4+ T cell responses to LAGE-1. J Immunol, 186(1):312-322, 2011.
Fourcade, J., Sun, Z.,Kudela, P., Janjic, B., Kirkwood, J.M., El-Hafnawy, T., Zarour, H.M.: Human Tumor Antigen-Specific Helper and Regulatory T Cells Share Common Epitope Specificity but Exhibit Distinct T Cell Repertoire. J Immunol, 184(12):6709-6718, 2010.
Kudela, P., Koller, V.J., Lubitz, W.: Bacterial Ghosts (BGs) – Advanced Antigen and Drug Delivery System. Vaccine, 28(36):5760-5767, 2010.
Mayr, U. B., V. J. Koller, P. Lubitz and W. Lubitz, Bacterial ghosts as vaccine and drug delivery platforms, in Patho-Biotechnology, R. Sleator and C. Hill, Editors. 2009, Landes Bioscience: Austin, Texas, USA. p. 50-59.
Lubitz P., U.B. Mayr, W. Lubitz. 2009. Applications of bacterial ghosts in biomedicine. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 655:159-70.
Fourcade, J., Kudela, P., Sun, Z., Shen, H., Land, S.R., Lenzner, D., Guillaume, P., Luescher, I.F., Sander, C., Ferrone, S., Kirkwood, J.M., Zarour, H.M.: PD-1 Is a Regulator of NY-ESO-1-Specific CD8+ T Cell Expansion in Melanoma Patients. J Immunol, 182(9):5240-5249, 2009.
Kudela P., S. Paukner, U.B. Mayr, D. Cholujova, G. Kohl G, Z. Schwarczova, J. Bizik, J. Sedlak, W. Lubitz. 2008. Effective gene transfer to melanoma cells using bacterial ghosts. Cancer Letters 262(1):54-63
Sadeghizadeh, M., Ranjbar, B., Damaghi, M., Khaki, L., Sarbolouki, M.N., Najafi, F., Parsaee, S., Ziaee, A., Massumi, M., Lubitz, W., Kudela, P., Paukner, S., Karami, A.: Dendrosomes as novel gene porters-III. J Chem Technol Biot, 83(6):912-920, 2008.
Fourcade, J., Kudela, P., Andrade Filho, P.A., Janjic, B., Land, S.R., Sander, C., Krieg, A., Donnenberg, A., Shen, H., Kirkwood, J.M., Zarour, H.M.: Immunization with analog peptide in combination with CpG and Montanide expands tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients. J Immunother, 31(8):781-791, 2008.
Kudela, P., Janjic, B., Fourcade, J., Castelli, F., Andrade, P., El-Hefnawy, T., Amicosante, M., Kirkwood, J.M., Maillere, B., Zarour, H.M.: Cross-Reactive CD4+ T Cells against One Immunodominant Tumor-Derived Epitope in Melanoma Patients. J Immunol, 179(11):7932-7940, 2007.
Paukner S., T. Stiedl, P. Kudela, J. Bizik, F. Al Laham, W. Lubitz. 2006. Bacterial ghosts as a novel advanced targeting system for drug and DNA delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 3:11-22.
Janjic, B., Andrade, P., Wang, X.F., Fourcade, J., Almunia, C., Kudela, P., Brufsky, A., Jacobs, S., Friedland, D., Stoller, R., Gillet, D., Herberman, R.B., Kirkwood, J.M., Maillere, B., Zarour, H.M.: Spontaneous CD4+ T cell response against TRAG-3 in patients with melanoma and breast cancer. J Immunol, 177(4):2717-2727, 2006.
Paukner, S., P. Kudela, G. Kohl, T. Schlapp, S. Friedrichs, W. Lubitz. 2005. DNA-loaded bacterial ghosts efficiently mediate reporter gene transfer and expression in macrophages. Molecular Therapy, 11:215-223.
Kudela, P., S. Paukner, U.B. Mayr, D. Cholujova, Z. Schwarczova, J. Sedlak, J. Bizik, W. Lubitz. 2005. Bacterial ghosts as novel efficient targeting vehicles for DNA delivery to the human monocytes-derived dendritic cell. J. Immunotherapy, 28:136-143.
Mayrhofer, P., C. Azimpour Tabrizi, P. Walcher, W. Haidinger, W. Jechlinger, W. Lubitz. 2005. Immobilization of plasmid DNA in bacterial ghosts. J. Controlled Release 102:725-735.
Jechlinger, W., Azimpour Tabrizi, C., Lubitz, W., Mayrhofer, P. 2004. Mini-circle DNA immobilized in bacterial ghosts: in vivo production of safe non-viral DNA delivery vehicles. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 8:222-231.
Azimpour Tabrizi, C., P. Walcher, U.B. Mayr, T. Stiedl, M. Binder, J. McGrath, W. Lubitz.2004. Bacterial Ghosts – Biological particles as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids and drugs. Current Opinion Biotech 15:530-537.
Paukner,S, G. Kohl, W. Lubitz. 2004. Bacterial ghosts as novel advanced drug delivery systems: antiproliferative activity of loaded doxorubicin in human Caco-2 cells. J. Control. Release 94:63-74.
Paukner, S., G. Kohl, K. Jalava, W. Lubitz. 2003. Sealed bacterial ghosts-novel targeting vehicles for advanced drug delivery of water-soluble substances. J. Drug Target. 11:151-161.
Eleveld-Trancikova, D., Kudela, P., Majerciak, V., Regendova, M., Zelnik, V., Pastorek, J., Pastorekova, S., Bizik, J.: Suppression subtractive hybridisation to isolate differentially expressed genes involved in invasiveness of melanoma cell line cultured under different conditions. Int J Oncol, 20(3):501-508, 2002.
Lubitz, W. 2001. Bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 1:765-771.
Kudela, P., Schwarczova, Z., Sedlak, J., Bizik, J.: Conditioned medium from Hela cells enhances motility of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells but abrogates their maturation and endocytic activity. Neoplasma, 48(5):382-388, 2001.
Bizik, J., Trancikova, D., Felnerova, D., Sedlakova, O., Kudela, P., Vaheri, A.: Invasion of human melanoma cells into dermal equivalents. In: Intramolecular cross-talk in tumor metastasis, Skouteris G., ed. NATO-ASI book series. NOMEN NESCIO IOS Press, Amsterdam, NL, 79-93, 1999.

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